IOT based centralized net meter monitoring and management system for grid connected solar PV

Abstract

The integration of rooftop solar photovoltaic (PV) systems through net metering has significant potential to improve energy sustainability in Bangladesh; however, the lack of intelligent monitoring and control often leads to inefficient utilization of installed systems. This project presents the design and hardware implementation of an IoT-based centralized net meter monitoring and management system for a grid-connected solar PV battery setup. The ESP32 microcontroller is a component of the system that measures real-time electrical parameters (voltage, current, power, energy import/export, and battery state-of-charge). Control logic based on relays is used to have automatic control over grid import, grid export and battery operation. The visualization of system data is provided with an IoT dashboard to give a clear understanding of net metering behavior. A hardware prototype was created and tested in order to confirm the system performance. The feasibility was also assessed by carrying out an economic analysis based on cost breakdown, payback period and sensitivity analysis. The outcomes showcase a better visibility of energy, efficiency in operations and realistic use as far as rooftop solar systems are concerned.