Horizontal gene transfer: an insight into antimicrobial resistance

Abstract

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR), which affects a variety of infectious pathogens, is a pivotal public health issue for many countries and corporations. Governments across the globe are starting to take heed of an issue that is so grave that it jeopardizes the advancements of advanced medication such as antibiotics. A key factor in the spread of antibiotic resistance is horizontal gene transfer (HGT). Contrarily, it is periodically presumed that antibiotics stimulate HGT. A comprehensive review of the research, however, indicates that there is insufficient credible data available to support such a hypothesis in principle. This is primarily due to the insufficiency of concise quantitative studies to answer this query. We assess how significantly HGT correlates to the antibiotic resistance spread in this study, as well as what is documented about how antibiotics regulate the mechanics of HGT. Our attention is on conjugation, the predominant HGT method that is primarily responsible for the global spread of antibiotic resistance. According to our research results, trials to quantify HGT must be planned in a systematic way in order to critically evaluate the outcomes. Such experiments are crucial for constructing cutting-edge approaches to inhibit the propagation of resistance by HGT. In this study, we explore about how much HGT contributes to the spread of antibiotic resistance and explore what is known about how antibiotics affect the dynamics of HGT including a brief discussion on antibiotic resistome.